Fig. 1. Schematic of IL-mediated RO membrane fabrication. (a) IL-confined IP process on Kevlar substrate. (b) Free diffusion of Hz forming a thick layer with non-uniform pores. (c) Restricted diffusion of Hz by IL forming a thin layer with uniform pores. (d) Electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions between IL and Hz.

Fig. 2.Morphologies and chemical compositions of membranes. (a-c) SEM images; (d-f) AFM images with roughness (Ra); (g-i) XPS N 1s spectra deconvolution for CIP, HIP, and IL-HIP membranes, revealing nitrogen-containing functional group distributions.

调控肼与均苯三甲酰氯的界面聚合过程，成功制备了具有优异结构和性能的Hz基聚酰胺反渗透膜（IL-HIP）。Figure 2 的系统表征表明，IL-HIP膜表面呈现均匀平滑的形貌，其粗糙度（Ra=16.2 nm）显著低于对照组CIP膜（42.8 nm）和HIP膜（26.0 nm）。XPS分析进一步显示，IL-HIP膜表面含氮官能团分布更为均匀，且酰胺键密度较低，说明IL的加入有效抑制了单体的过度交联，促进了更有序、更薄（仅24 nm）的选择层形成。

Fig. 3.Structural and physicochemical properties of membranes and the monomer diffusion characteristic affected by IL. (a) Rejection of neutral organic compounds, determined MWCO and (b) estimated pore size distribution. (c) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and calculated specific surface areas. (d) Pore size distribution of polymers derived from N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms. (e) Contact angles over time. (f) Zeta potentials as a function of pH.(g, h) Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) diffusion coefficients of D₂O and N₂H₄ in HIP and IL-HIP membranes, reflecting mass transport behaviors. (i) MSD curves obtained from MD simulations, showing molecular mobility over time.